scientific revolution
... 16th century was that the world was composed of four qualities, Aristotle's Earth, Water, Air, Fire. But,Newton's generation believed that the world was made of atoms or corpuscles, small material bodies. By Newton's day most of Europeans that learned, believed the earth moved, that there was no such thing as demonic possession, that claims to facts should be based on the authority of our individual experience, on argument and sensory evidence. The motto of the Royal Society of London was, Nullius in Verba, accept nothing on the basis of words. The Scientific Revolution has become very complex. As it has attempted to take report of new research and other perspectives, have been made. Part of the most obvious additions over the last 50 years have been a lot of research that has been spawned by more narrow research topics, usually from a more focused topical theme or from a more narrow chronological period. Among this research, the more widely accepted are, The Copernican Revolution, the Galilean Revolution, the Keplerian Revolution, the Cartesian Synthesis, and, the Newtonian Revolution and the Newtonian Synthesis. A usual claim is that the Scientific Revolution stands for a series of changes that stemmed from Copernicus' bold claim that the earth moves. This claim clearly was different to tradition, to the authority of the Ancients and to established views in the universities and most church officials. Copernicus claimed that the earth is not fixed and stationary in the center of the cosmos but instead believed that it rotates on its axis each day and revolves around the sun each year. From Copernicus' daring but simple claim, a complex series of new developments were necessary to support his view and at the same time, to replace earlier beliefs. What was needed, was new astronomical observations, these now associated with Tycho Brahe. New imaginary modifications concerning planetary orbits and their motions, now connected with Johannes Kepler and new theories of motion that would contain a moving earth, these theories now connected with Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Christiaan Huighus, and Isaac Newton. “The latter joined heaven and earth by uniting terrestrial and celestial bodies under one set of universal laws of motion.”(Ronan 417) Newton invented the universe. It displaced the usual Aristotelian cosmos. This change sh...