Roman Catholicism
... ¡Emperors over Popes? l l Bishop Ambrose of Milan, c. 339-397 l l Pope Gelasius I, 492-496 Augustine (354-430) ¡ ¡ Works l l Confessions l l The City of God ¡ ¡ Ideas l l Rejection of idea that knowledge equals virtue l l humans are inherently evil l l Idea of will --- can over come this through individual will power l l State is necessary evil Monasticism l l Saint Anthony (c. 250-350) • • Hermetic monasticism l l Saint Basil (329-379) • • Communities of men and women Saint Benedict of Nursia (c. 480-c. 543) l l 1. What Kind of Doc ¡ ¡Primary, rules, founding doc. l l 2. Who Wrote It? ¡ ¡Benedict l l 3. When & Where ¡ ¡530 in Italy l l 4. For Whom & Why ¡ ¡The Church, to organize monasticism What do they show? n n Stability n n Conversion of manners n n Obedience Cenobitic monastic life Roman ways combined with Christianity Control of Unruly zealots Spread of the Latin Christian Church ¡ ¡ France • • Saint Martin of Tours(316-397) ¡ ¡ Ireland • • Saint Patrick (390-461) ¡ ¡ Assimilation • • Missionaries stressed similarities • • Saint Valentine’s Day The Spread of Christianity, A.D. 400-750 Western Europe maintained Roman cultural traditions well after the coming of the Germans l l Germanic kings adopted trappings of rule used by Roman emperors l l Germanic kings sought titles and approval from Eastern Emperors l l Biggest change: collapse of ancient urban culture and society Conclusions l l By 800 AD, Europe was reshaped l l Governed by Christian Germanic Monarchs l l Roman Culture had been assimilated & adapted l l Christian culture was developing and spreading l l Roman Empire only remained in East Video on Islam l l Who was Muhammad? l l Who were the Bedouins? What role did poetry play for their society? l l How did Muhammad become a prophet? l l What were his revelations? l l What is the Koran? l l Why was he kicked out of Mecca? l l What happened in Yathrib (Medina)? l l What happened when he returned to Mecca? l l Why did Islamic warriors create an empire? l l What does the dome of the rock symbolize? l l Who are the Sunni's and Shi’ites? l l The Expansion of Islam Five Pillars of Faith l l “There is no God but God, and Muhammad is his Prophet.” l l Prayer five time a day and public prayer on Friday at noon l l Observance of month-long fasting from dawn to sunset (Ramadan) l l Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) l l Giving 10% to the poor The Byzantine Empire in 540 AD Geography l l Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, Syria l l Greek population dominated & others added international character l l Mediterranean Ocean climate, far reaching land routes, international trade Constantinople l l Capital City, near center of Christianity l l Located on major trade routes = $ l l Strategic Location – water on 3 sides, triple wall on exposed side l l In 400 a.d. the richest city in Roman Empire l l Life in Constantinople ¡ ¡Rebuilt 532 ¡ ¡Commercial center ¡ ¡Royal palace complex, Hagia Sop...