Racism
...of the first and the most influental racist thinkers was Joseph-Arthur comte de Gobineau. He published Essay on the Inequality of Human Races in the middle of the 19th century. He though that Aryan race is superior than white race and all others and that Aryans reached the heights of civilization. His most important follower was Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who published The Foundations of the 19th Centrury. Gobineau and Chamberlain may be regarded as the intellectual forerunners of Germans Nazis racial theories. Adolf Hitler acknowledged, that Chamberlain and others gave him the scientific basic for hos political philosophy. Hitler though that racism will help him to unify the Germans by identifying the enemy. Probably the most known racist organisation is Ku-Klux-Klan. It was organised in 1866 and endeavoured for the restauration of white supremacy after enfranchising of black freedman. It was disbanded in 1869. In 1915 it was organised again, near Atlanta, but it has its roots more directly in the american nativist tradition. It peaked in 1920s when membership exceeded 4 000 000 people. To the old hostility toward blacks, the new Klan added bias against Roman Catholics, Jews, foreigners and organized labour. 1965 president Johnson publicaly denounced the organization. Gypsies migrated from central India to Europe during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries and have been persecuted by Europeans ever since. They were stgmatised as dirty, lazy, dishonest and violent and often treated like criminals and vagabonds. They have nomadic lifestyle, dark skin, their own customs and language. This make them appear very different from the rest of European society and they were easy targets for discrimination. Minority groups like gypsies, gay and lesbian commun...