Psychology Outline
...grade a. Imagination b. Why c. Don’t understand right/wrong, don’t want to get in trouble 2. 2nd grade a. Boys cut off emotions b. Social groups form 3. 3rd grade a. Friends important b. Understanding punishment=conventional stage 4. 4th grade a. “Why can’t I…” b. Behavior determined by neighborhood/school 5. 5th grade a. Funny b. Moody c. Girls cheat, boys fight 6. Middle school a. Concrete operational stage—rules b. Culture at clash w/ developmental stage c. Morality decisions based on friends F. Late 1600’s view on children 1. John Locke a. Tabla Rossa b. Childhood experiences shape adult life c. Stages of development 2. Cruel treatment of children G. Premies 1. Risk for abuse a. Not cute b. Higher pitch cry c. Mature later/Competition of parents d. Parents come home w/o baby 2. Violate expectations for a baby H. Attachment is the key to healthy ego development 1. Key to healthy ego development 2. Must be there before child can trust 3. Responsive parenting makes healthy attachment 4. Mary Ainsworth experiment a. Secure attachment 1) Separates and engages w/ environment 2) Distressed when mom leaves 3) Eventually adjusts, excited when mom returns b. Avoidant attachment 1) Mom sneaks out 2) Unresponsive to child’s needs 3) Child becomes attached to environment, connects to confed. when mom leaves 4) Mom returns, shuns, “I don’t wanna go” c. Ambivalent attachment 1) Mom needs kid to take care of her 2) Returns when child cries=frustration 3) Child is observer type, ignores confed. 4) Shows distress-sucks thumb? Gets mad at mom upon return I. Facial Arc types 1. Joyful 2. Anger 3. Sad 4. Fear 5. Distress 6. Disgust 7. Surprise 8. Interest VI. Psychology Guidelines A. Fields of Psyc 1. Forensic 2. Industrial 3. Sports 4. Research 5. Clinical 6. Environmental B. Clinical Psyc. 1. Psychiatrist a. M.D., PhD b. See patients/treatments/medicine 2. Psychologist a. PhD b. See patients/treat/psychological testing 3. M.F.T. a. Married family therapist b. M.A. c. See patients/clients 4. L.C.S.W. a. Licensed Clinical Social Worker b. M.A. c. See pts. private/clinic C. Ethical Guidelines 1. Informed consent 2. Do no harm 3. No deception 4. Confidentiality 5. Debrief D. Experimental Process 1. Hypothesis (ed. guess) 2. Figure best research tech. 3. Come up w/ theory 4. Try to explain E. Case Studies 1. In-depth, detailed study of one or more individ. over long period of time 2. Get detailed, rich info 3. Costly, timely, idiosyncratic F. Survey 1. Verbal, written questionnaire about a particular subject 2. Cheap & quick 3. Deception/inaccurate, not enough info/too general G. Naturalistic Observation 1. Observe & record in detail behavior as it occurs in its natural setting 2. True/legitimate behavior 3. Expensive/only as good as observer H. Laboratory Observation 1. Invite & watch subjects in a lab 2. Good information 3. Altered behavior, know being watched I. Vocab 1. Confounding Variables—other variables that cause effect other than study 2. Confederates—people who work for experimenter 3. Double blind study—researcher, confederates, subjects don’t know 4. Blind study—subjects don’t know what’s going on 5. Correlation Method—examine strength of relationship between variables 6. Experimental Method—cause & effect, manipulate I.V. to measure D.V. 7. Control Group—group you do nothing to VII. Parts of the brain A. Cerebral Cortex 1. Frontal lobe-speaking/muscle movements 2. Parietal-sensory cortex 3. Occipital-visual 4. Temporal-hearing 5. Sensory Cortex-receives input from body B. Neural Communicators 1. Neurotransmitters a. Travel synaptic gap of neurons b. Released by neurons c. Binds to receptor sites on receiving neuron d. Influences if it will give neural impulse 2. Synapse a. Space between axon tip of sending neutron and dendrite of receiving 3. Neurons a. Nerve cells b. Consists of fibers called dendrites and an axon C. Peripheral Nervous System 1. Sensory neurons a. Carry incoming info b. From sensory receptors to central nervous system 2. Motor neurons a. Outgoing info b. From system to muscles and glands D. Skeletal Nervous System 1. Voluntary movements 2. Autonomic a. Glands & muscles of internal organs 3. Sympathetic a. Arouses b. For defensive actions 4. Parasympathetic a. Relaxes E. Endocrine System 1. Parathyroid—regulates calcium level in blood 2. Adrenal Glands—releases adrenaline 3. Testes—secretes male sex hormones 4. Pituitary Glands—secrete hormones to effect other glands 5. Thyroid Glands—metabolism 6. Pancreas—regulates blood-sugar level 7. Ovary—female sex hormone 8. Glands=>hormones=>brain 9. Brain=>pituitary gland=>other F. Central Nervous System 1. Body’s electrochemical communication system 2. Has nerve cells of peripheral and central nervous systems 3. Reflex—automatic response to stimuli G. Lower Brain 1. Cerebellum—voluntary movement and balance 2. Limbic—emotions, amygdalate, hippocampus/thalamus 3. Cerebral Cortex 4. Brainstem—automatic survival functions 5. Medulla—heartbe...