Plato "The Republic"
...e in difficult situation. For example, if we want to buy something which is very expensive. The reason; don’t buy this is to expensive, if you have more money then maybe you can; the appetite: I really like this item; the spirit: I would like to have it but I’m not going to be able to pay rent this month. Plato identifies four ‘cardinal virtues’ which are very important to be and stay happy. They are the basic virtues for the human soul to function in harmony: Temperance which means self control and moderation; important for workers, but necessary for all three classes of people. Courage is the warrior virtue; in order to enforce the law and to protect the state. Wisdom associated with the guardians who are called king- philosophers because they seen the Good. Those three virtues underline “justice” which makes the virtue as whole. I think that corresponds very clearly with an Instrumental theory of morality and Functionalist theory of morality. Both theories are strongly interrelated. The instrumental theory: right and wrong viewed as means (instruments) for getting something else. And functionalist theory: each kind of thing has a natural purpose. So as we discussed in class if somebody is drowning we can rescue the person because we might achieve something from it: fame, but on the contrary nobody knows the purpose of our actions. So is purely moral from other p...