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...Department of Elementary and Secondary Education at Clemson University, wrote that Oliver Brown fought a long and hard battle to argue that segregated schools sent a message to black children that they are substandard to whites, therefore segregation “has a tendency to retard the educational and mental development of negro children” (389). Racial segregation in public schools and other facilities was very common across America; blacks endured pain and many hardships in order to gain respect and rights, which a very important court case called Brown v. Board of Education helped them accomplish through time. children an inferior feeling to whites and therefore, the schools were inherently unequal (Green 389). The Board of Education’s defense was that segregation prepared children for adulthood segregation. According to Kenneth Karst, on October 1, 1951, Oliver Brown, the NAACP, and Thurgood Marshall brought the case to the Supreme Court. No decision was reached at the Supreme Court, so they heard the case again on December 7, 1953. However, racial segregation in public schools was not declared illegal until May 17, 1954, by Chief Justice Warren (254). This decision reversed the previous ruling of the Plessy v. Fergason decision, which was the “separate but equal” idea (Cozzens 1). The new statement that replaced it was “separate is not equal”. Brown won his case but schools all across the nation were still segregated. The Supreme Court sent the task of gradual desegregation or of ending it at once, to the lower courts (Karst 255). The courts did not order an immediate end to segregation and failed to se...