Physiological Adaptations
...ate of work on the race. Higher MaxVO2 and Lactate Threshold (OBLA) can be improved by aerobic training. After Bert is trained, he has more blood volume and that makes his resting HR decrease. Because he has more blood and lower resting HR, Diastolic Filling (More blood goes into left-ventricular cavity) increases, which makes the heart bigger (Cardiac Hypertrophy). The bigger heart he has, the more blood flows to the body. The stroke volume (Stroke Volume is the amount of blood ejected from ventricle per beat, and the higher is the better) is increased and as SV is increasing, the Maximum Cardiac Output (Q) is increasing. Maximum Cardiac Output is the amount of blood pumped out of heart per minutes and that is defined by the equation: HR x SV. Since Bert and Ernie is same age, their maximum heart rate is same due to the equation of the Maximum heart rate (220 - age). Resting Q is almost same for everyone, which is 5 litters per minute, but since Bert has higher SV, his Maximum Q is higher than Ernie. Meanwhile, because he has more blood, his capillary density is increases. Since he has more muscle to work, he needs more energy. Also the number of myoglobin is increased, which carries O2 in muscle and the number & size of ...