Network Management II
...can be manipulated or evaluated by the program providing total computerized control of the entire circuit. (Savage Innovations, 2002) c. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using networking standards? The networking standard is defined by the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). For example : IEEE Standard 802.3 for Ethernet standard. This standard defines rules for configuring an Ethernet as well as specifying how elements in an Ethernet network interact with one another. (Virgina Commonwealth University, 2000). The maximum number of nodes, the number of repeaters, and maximum segment distances are defined by the electrical and mechanical design properties of each type of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet media. (Virgina Commonwealth University, 2000). Advantages: · By adhering to the IEEE standard, network equipment and network protocols will operate in the most efficient manner. (Virgina Commonwealth University, 2000) · Network equipment and network protocols can communicate efficiently. (Lantronix, 2001) · Network Design Criteria must be followed in order to function correctly.(Virgina Commonwealth University, 2000) Disadvantages: Taking the same code and running it on a non-conforming implementation, even one with extra precision, can actually produce results that are LESS ACCURATE, because the operations will behave differently than expected and therefore produce different kinds of errors. The errors from different parts of the computation are supposed to fall into known ranges, and then be combined in known ways, to produce an aggregate error. (Hanson, 2000) d. What is a virtual network? Definition of virtual network: A network that provides virtual circuits and that is established by using the facilities of a real network. (Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, 2000). Virtual network is an integrated network that is made from several independent networks that cover certain common area or region. As a general network the virtual network is also composed of nodes, points and links. But the nodes may fall into two different types. One is shared by multi-network, called as Shared-Node (SN). The other is owned by one network, called as Inter-Node(IN) (Chinese University of Hongkong, 2002). e. Explain the following : · Statistical Time Division Multiplexing · Wavelength Division Multiplexing · Inverse Multiplexing Statistical Time Division Multiplexing Definition of Statistical Time Division Multiplexing: A system developed to overcome some inefficiencies of standard time division multiplexing, where time slices are still allocated to channels, even if they have no information to transmit. (Howe, 1993). A statistical multiplexor transmits only the data from active workstations. If a workstation is not active, no space is wasted on the multiplexed stream. A statistical multiplexor accepts the incoming data streams and creates a frame containing only the data to be transmitted. (PennState, 2002). Using Statistical Time Division Multiplexing More efficient use of bandwidth, packets can be variable sized, frame can contain control and error information, but: it is more complex than synchronous time division multiplexing. (PennState, 2002). Wavelength Division Multiplexing This technique could be named either Frequency...