kalr marx
...e enough of a given commodity for his own use, and then exchange the surplus commodity for money or other commodities. In a society characterized by capitalistic production, a person starts out with money with which he buys commodities (labor, goods, etc.) in order to get more money. The capitalist will generally invest in commodities such as buildings, tools, and workers. If you consider the case of your average bread-maker, the difference in the two societies becomes easier to see. In the case of simple commodity production the bread-maker will be able to trade his product for other goods of equal use. On the other hand, in a capitalist society, a bread-maker will not control his means of production. He probably will be a wage laborer and will be just another investment on the part of the capitalist. Another important difference between simple commodity production and capitalism is the distribution of social labor. In a simple commodity production people are only separated by the quality of their commodity since they are the sole means of production. In capitalist production the means of production are controlled by the upper class, thus creating a divide between the working class and the upper class. The upper class simply gets to decide which way to make the most profits rather than what the society actually needs. A prime example of this is that annoying singing fish. The difference between exploitive and non-exploitive production is directly related to whether or not a given society is capitalist. Exploitive production is generally used in capitalist societies. In exploitive production a group of wage laborers are exploited out of his or her full wage for the work done by whomever controls the means of production (tools, factories, workers, etc.). Marx draws a line between labor and labor power. Labor is simply the necessary labor that transforms commodities into forms that can be exchanged. A capitalist simply buys the laboring power of an individual for a specific period of time rather than for the actual labor. During this time the laborer will produce more than is needed to reproduce the laborer, which is enough to provide clothes and shelter so that the worker can come back to work and produce more workers. Therefore, the profits that a capitalist makes are simply a product of the surplus value that is taken from the workers. Non-exploitive production would be if the owner of the means of production paid the worker directly for their labor. This means the worker would get paid the difference in value between the materials and the finished product. For instance if a factory owner were to pay his workers enough so that he would not make surplus profits off of their labor. Non...