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...licable to many other potential recipients; AND (2) the recipient has not verifiably granted deliberate, explicit, and still-revocable permission for it to be sent; AND (3) the transmission and reception of the message appears to the recipient to give a disproportionate benefit to the sender.” People send spam in order to sell products and services or to promote an email scam. Some spam is purely ideological, sent by purveyors of thought. The bulk of spam is intended, however, to draw traffic to web sites or to sell sex and money making schemes. Spamming hurts the economy, burdens peoples lives and jobs. An example of how spamming is an economic bother is that “many business people spend up to fifteen minutes per day reading and deleting their Spam emails. A company with 100 knowledge workers earning an average of $40,000 per year each spending ten minutes per day deleting Spam would experience an added burden of $80,000 per year. This cost would be passed on to Internet users and non-users alike as they purchase products from this company at their local department store.” Individually the costs most mentioned by email users are the diversion of time and loss of productivity by unwanted commercial email. It also intrudes upon individual privacy; identifying and deleting it places a burden on ...