Freuds psychosexual theory
...is gives the child a sense of self and is called the reality principle as it keeps the ID in check. The SUPEREGO then develops from 5 years onwards it states that children learn through external reward and punishment but as the child gets older the punishment and reward become internalised and the child feels pride or guilt and shame, feelings of pride are called the EGO IDEAL and feelings of guilt are called the CONSCIENCE. The developmental model of psychosexual stages is a critical stage theory, the first theory being the oral stage which occurs from 0-1 years and this is when all gratification is through the mouth, Freud says this is an innate instinct as babies are seen to suck their thumbs in the womb…before they are subject to environmental influences. The next stage is the anal stage, 1-3 years, this is the first chance the child has to be independent due to potty training, Freud notes that children are both scared and fascinated by their bodily functions and if they are scared it is sometimes pushed into the unconscious mind and be shown in dreams. The phallic stage occurs from 3-5 years and is said to be the first time children get sexual feelings and children begin sexual exploration of themselves and others. Boys go through the oedipal complex and girls go through the electra complex, boys are jealous of their father because they want to have a relationship with the mother and there is said to be some sexual element, girls do the same but with the father. This can then be resolved by identifying with the same sex parent. Gender identity, sexual orientation and moral sense all ...