de-colonization
...ese countries to ask for their independence (“Withdrawal”). Nationalist sentiment, though, developed rapidly in many of these areas after the First World War and even more so after the Second World War , with the result that, beginning with India in 1947, independence was granted them, along with the option of retaining an association with Great Britain and other former dependencies in the Commonwealth of Nations (“British Empire”). Because of India achieved independent, it led to the more colonial countries who would have strong tendency to gain their independence too, as it says, ‘One after the other, the colonies were granted independence’ (Betts). Including with this following passage, “Britain would have to leave India. This decision was announced on June 3, 1947, at the height of the postwar financial crisis, and British administration in India ended 10 weeks later, on August 15. Burma and Ceylon, which later became Sri Lanka, received independence by early 1948. Britain, in effect, had no choice but to withdraw from colonial territories it no longer had the military and economic power to control” (“Withdrawal”). Next, according to the notion of Imperial decentralisation, it means that the dominions could have their own government based on the standard and relations with the mother country, for instance, Canada and South Africa in 1923 (The Commonwealth 6). Or it can be said that British would allow colonial affairs to move from administration by Europeans to political participation by local populations, the home governments encouraged the move toward local government (Betts). Moreover, Britain had a notion in handling independence to the colonial countries under the Commonwealth authority (The Encyclopedia 338). Because of the post war British Labour Government had a policy that ‘Granting the colonies independence within the Commonwealth’ (The Encyclopedia 338). The Conservatives pursued the same concept of ‘Granting independence’ when they later came in administration (The Encyclopedia 339). Furthermore, there was a financial problem occurred during the post war Britain too. Typically, it can be said that Britain was a poor country since the government spent large amount of money for entering the war (Pattharodom 56). It was stated that the average income and the earning numbers of foreign investment overseas reached the decline point. Obviously, what Britain could only do is to extremely export, rather than import goods (Pattharodom 57). Moreover, Britain had to face with the devaluation of Pound Sterling and Gold reserves (Pattharodom 57). Also, Britain was in debt as a result of entering the war, with an approximately of three to five thousands million pound (Pattharodom 57). Though, since the United States gave Britain financial aid in giving a loan of more than one thousand million pound (Pattharodom 57). But it seemed that this large amount of money was not enough for Britain to revive the country (Pattharodom 57). This proves that since Britain had not enough money to revive her own society, how could Britain spend much in helping the colonial ones? Thus, because of British financial difficulty, it is another factor that led Britain in handling independence to the colonial countries. Also, accordingly the Suez Crisis in 1956, Britain wanted to seize the Suez Canal back from Egypt (The Encyclopedia 340). Britain asked financial aid from the United States but it seemed that the United States did not want to support and agree with this action of British (The Encyclopedia 340). Consequently, Britain decided to abandon Suez Canal and value or preserve the special relationship with the United States instead (Pattharodom 63). As it states, “Britain’s dependence on U.S. aid severely limited its freedom of action in world affairs”, this proves the British dependency towards the United States because the United States was the only financial source that Britain could ask for aids (Patthrodom 63). Another factor that caused British de-colonization is that they British were lack of enthusiasm in building their...