Cells Learn Essays

Cells

...em of the cell. • Runs between the nucleus and the cell membrane. 14) Smooth ER – Very few ribosomes’s attached. 15) Rough ER – Many ribosomes attached. 16) Ribosomes – Very small, spherical organelles. Sites of protein synthesis. • Produced on, not inside, because the proteins are bigger. • Most proteins are found on Rough ER. Some float freely in cytoplasm. 17) Mitochondria – Center of cellular respiration. • Produce energy for the cell. 18) Lysosomes – Contain destructive enzymes that break down large particles. 19) Golgi Apparatus – Packages proteins. 20) Microtubules – Protein tubes that give the cell support. 21) Microfilaments – Protein threads that cause cytoplasmic streaming (movement). Ä Microtubules and Microfilaments form the cytoskeleton. Ä 22) Plant Cells – Have rigid cell walls. 23) Vacuoles – Store water, enzymes, and waste products. • Can be up to 90 % of the plant cell’s volume. 24) Plastids – Consist of… • Chloroplasts – Contain the green pigment chlorophyll. • Chromoplasts – Contain other colored pigments. • Leucoplasts – Store starches, lipids, and proteins. 25) Organization of Living Things - • Molecules – A group of atoms help together by covalent bonds. • Organelles – Cell components that perform specific functions for the cell. • Cells – Smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life. • Tissues - Groups of cells working for a common function. (Ex: Blood). • Organs – Group of tissues working for a common function. • Organ System - Group of organs working together for a common function. • Organism – All the organ systems working for a common function. 26) Cell Wall – Consists of 3 parts. (Helps support and protect the plant.) • Middle Lamella, • Primary cell walls. • Secondary cell wall (only in woody plants). 27) Volvox Colony – Colonial Organism. (Live together closely in connected groups.) •Many cells, all the same. 28) Homeostasis – “Steady State” • Biological balance with environment. (Ex: Body temperature.) 29) Molecular Movement – Movement that either uses/doesn’t use cellular energy. 30) Diffusion – Molecules go from areas of more concentration to a lesser amount. 31) Concentration Gradient – Difference in concentration of molecules over a range. 32) Equilibrium – Concentration of molecules is the same throughout a space. 33) Selectively (Semi) Permeable – Property of cell membranes that allows certain things to pa...

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