Byzantine Empire
... 1) Increase in the population and prosperity of Western Europe. 2) The high point that religious devotion had reached. 3) The prospect of territorial expansion and riches for the nobles, and of more freedom for the lower classes. 4) The interruption of the pilgrim traffic to the Holy Sepulchre as a result of the advance of the Seljuk Turks. 5) Vikings and the Magyars were Christianized. 6) Urban II calls for papal army. 3 Immediate (short term) Effects 1) The Crusades had bolstered the commerce of the Italian cities. 2) They generated interest in exploration of the Orient. 3) They established trade markets of enduring importance. 5 Long Term Effects 1) Destruction of Byzantine empire and civilzation. They never recovered from the fourth crusade. 2) Military triumph of the Islam in the middle east. They were ejected and carried across the Balkans. 3) Muslims became less tolerant against Jews and Christ...