BIOLOGY
...ccharides linked together used for storing. -The more complex the Carbohydrate the lower the solubility. -Plants are an example of starch. -Polysaccharide’s make complex cell structures, can also be used for structural parts or for an organism. -Examples of Polysaccharide: Starch, Glycogen-takes all the Glucose and the lever links together to create Glycogen. Starch-Alpha Glycogen-Alpha & Beta Cellulose-Alpha & Beta Cellulose from plants, make plant cell walls. Benedict’s Solution- It’s blue because of the light which is reflected, absorbed or transmitted, also because its compounds are linked differently. Chemical test for Glucose Blue----- Green----- Orange----- Brown 0% 0.5% 1% More than 2% Iodine-Rusty orange----- Black color (Starch Test) 5)Proteins-Compounds of Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen. They are a polymer (made of smaller subunits) build structural components of cells, protein are enzymes, make hormones. -Amino Acid -22 different Amino Acids 2) minerals- have many important functions in an organism in the body there in the form of an ion. Important for Hemoglobin in red blood cells. Sodium important your nervous signals, calcium for bones, potassium for the brain. 3)Vitamins- Organic because they contain carbon. Don’t give energy, used to make more complex molecules. An essential vitamin can’t be produced in body: Vitamin C used to produce coenzymes which help put things together and help you digest. Vitamin A contains a pigment called rhodopsin (protein) and vitamin A, sensitive to light so it breaks apart. Lack of Vitamin K will cause rickets. REFERENCE P.44 Carbohydrates(sugar) compounds of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. It is important because it is an excellent energy source, good for storage, some used to make cell parts. Used to make other molecules like protein or fat. Monosaccharides-used to make complex sugars. Monomer—Polymer (most common is glucose C6 H12 O6), Fructose, and Galactose. They all have different melting points (isomers) and the same formula just different arrangement. Glucose takes 3 major forms: 1)Linear Molecule- 6 carbon atoms in a row. Stereo chemistry- 3D shape of a molecule. 2) Hydrolysis 1)Sucrose- formed by Glucose and Fructose. 2)Lactose-Glucose and Galactose to form Lactose 3)Maltose- 2 Glucose’s put together by dehydration synthesis. 4)Polysaccharide- 3 or more monosaccharides linked together used for storing. -The more complex the Carbohydrate the lower the solubility. -Plants are an example of starch. -Polysaccharide’s make complex cell structures, can also be used for structural parts or for an organism. -Examples of Polysaccharide: Starch, Glycogen-takes all the Glucose and the lever links ...