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...export. The land was cheap and people flocked to Australia and boomed after a gold rush. Australia slowly stopped being a penal colony. Settling New Zealand New Zealand was first colonized by escaped convicts, but mostly Maoris. The British acknowledged their land rights and did very little to take over them until they decided to annex them. They exported wool and agriculture from New Zealand also. Self-Government Australia and New Zealand wanted to be self-ruled, so they created parliamentary forms of government. Australians became the Commonwealth of Australia and the two countries became dominions. They all had political reforms; Australia had the first secret ballot and New Zealand was the first to give full voting rights to women. Status of Native Peoples Most non-European were excluded from democracy and prosperity and often suffered from their diseases. Aborigines and Maoris were eventually pushed down into a small portion of their country. The Irish Fight for Home Rule The pope authorized taking over Ireland, and England took over. They replaced Irish culture with English culture. People were encouraged to move there. Irish Catholics were suppressed and had to pay extra taxes and had limited power. They annexed and the Irish representative got Catholics back their rights. The Great Famine Ireland relied greatly on potatoes, but a plant fungus destroyed almost al...