Aparthied
...government was led by Louis Botha and Jon Smuts, who soon begun process of instituting the new laws. The Mines and Works Act of 1911 stated that Blacks could not be placed in positions of authority over Whites. Blacks could not be foremen or managers in the mines or factories. Just as South Africa was entering an industrialization period. This ensured a huge competitive edge in wages and position for the white workers, and kept the wages being paid out low. The Native lands Act of 1913 controlled land distribution. Africans were given 7 % of the land in South Africa, although they represented 70% of the population . The reserves or homelands created for Africans were located far apart, isolated by white farmers who not only received more land but who also received access to cheap farm labor at the expense of the black farmers. The Industrial Consolidation Act of 1924 provided peace among the labor-management conflicts, but excluded Africans from the category of employee. White workers gained the right to strike and bargain collectively, while the Blacks remained ununionized. This again ensured the Whites high wages and kept the wages of the majority extremely low. During the 1960’s, the homelands of Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana and Venda were created as the new homes for the Africans. These people were no longer citizens of South Africa but only of the homelands. South Africa and the leaders of the homelands declared independence from one another, however none were recognized by the community of the states. Black were able to vote in these homelands, but no Blacks were able to be citizens of South Africa. In the late 1970’s the government repealed some of the laws of apartheid. South Africa adopted a new constitution. The new constitution set up three houses, one for Whites, one for the colored and one for the Asians. This constitution still made no provisions for the Blacks. This led to rioting and many conflicts between Blacks and the government. During this time...