Marsilius of Paduas Defender of the Peace
In "The Defender of the Peace", writteb my Marsilius of Padua, a new idea regarding church-state relations surfaced. Marsilius radical thoughts reulted in his being branded a heretic by Pope John XXII. His piece, "The Defender of the Peace", stated that the Church should not be able to excercise temporal power, and that political life operated independent of the church. The Church, according to Marsilius, had no right to create standards for the state to conform to.