Aristotle
KANT I. Commands. These are “objective principles” applying to all acts whatsoever. A. Categorical Imperative (“Unconditional Command”). “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.” B. Practical Imperative. This command deals with treating people properly. “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means. II. Maxims. These are “subjective principles” of your own act. They describe the type of act you want to commit: they include both what you are doing (your action, A) and why (your purpose, P) but omit details like the time and place. III. Test the Maxim against the Command. A. Decide what the maxim is. B. For the Categorical Imperative, formulate it as a law of nature: “let it be a law of nature that everyone who wants to achieve purpose P, will perform action A.” Then imagine you’re a member of the world of that universalized maxim, and imagine that you’re acting in it. Then see if some sort of contradiction arises. C. For the Practical Imperative, see if performing the act would lead to you using yourself or someone else only as a means.