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Chapter 21: “Girding for War: The North and South”
1861 – 1865
I. President of the Disunited States of America
1. On March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated president, having slipped into Washington D. ... to thwart assassins, and in his inaugural address, he stated that there would be no conflict unless the South provoked it.
i. ... South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter
1. Most of the forts in the South had relinquished their power to the Confederacy, but Fort Sumter was among the few that didn’t, and since its supplies were running out against a besieging South Carolinian army, Lincoln had a problem of how to deal with the situation. ... Lincoln intelligently chose to send supplies to the fort, and he told the South Carolinian governor that the ship to the fort only held provisions, not reinforcements. ... However, to the South, provisions were reinforcements, and on April 12, 1861, cannons were fired onto the fort; after 34 hours of non-lethal firing, the fort surrendered. ... Northerners were inflamed by the South’s actions, and Lincoln now called on 75,000 volunteers; so many came that they had to be turned away. ... The South, feeling that Lincoln was now waging an aggressive war, was joined by four of the Border States: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. ... The remaining Border States were crucial for both sides, as they would have almost doubled the manufacturing capacity of the South and increased its supply of horses and mules by half. ... Thus, to retain them, Lincoln used moral persuasion…and methods of dubious legality:
i. ... within Confederacy territory if it went to the South and also sent troops to western Virginia and Missouri. ... At the beginning, in order to hold the remaining Border States, Lincoln repeated said that the war was to save the Union, not free the slaves, since a war for the slaves would have lost the Border States
4. Most of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole) sided with the South, although parts of the Cherokee and most of the Plains Indians were pro-North. ... The war was one of brother vs.
Approximate Word count = 1747
Approximate Pages = 7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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