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It quickly becomes clear ICTs do not have simple and straightforward effects in the research we surveyed. Many of the features of these technologies have multiple effects, often contradictory ones. Indeed, a recurring theme of this survey is that it is problematic to talk of generic features or effects. Nevertheless we can delineate the following "net effects":
1. ... " Indeed, social effects of the Internet on interpersonal attraction and social cohesion are mixed. ... However, the Internet does provide new possibilities and powers that mean that the effects of cyber-sabotage (for example) can be wide-ranging and consequential. ... The survey shows social psychological effects of ICTs have important political implications. ... Cognitive consequences, mental health, addiction
The use of ICTs also raises issues of their direct psychological and physiological effects on health and well being. ...
These net effects question raise some theoretical concerns. What this survey illustrates is that "simple" theories, which over-generalise ICTs social effects, are not well placed to describe and predict the diverse social effects observed. ... Also, theories tend to assume that ICTs effects are due to characteristics of the technology, or that these are constructed by social factors (technological vs. ... In short, the diversity of social effects preclude that technology is singularly good or bad, and that technology determines the social effects. Conversely, social determinism cannot account for invariable technological effects: not every use of ICTs is as flexible as these theories claim. ...
Thus, a theory of the social effects of ICT must emphasise that the use and effect of the new technologies are co-determined by technological features (anonymity, isolation, asynchrony) and social psychological factors (identities, social relations and social practices). ...
Grounded in a theoretical perspective on explaining the diverse empirical results, we come to some principal conclusions about the social-psychological effects of ICTs:
1. ... The same ICT may have different effects in different circumstances, and in the same circumstances we will find different social effects with different ICTs. ICT has no generic effects: features of the technology (e. ... However, generic statements about the effects of technology are a common danger in evaluating new media. ... ICTs affect power and potency
While it is problematic to associate ICTs with specific effects, it may be true that they increase their potency. ... This can have positive and negative effects (e. ... Instead, ICT reinforces the flexibility of individuals to take on different social identities. ... Political participation
ICT is increasingly used for grassroots organisation. Technology will serve as a platform for collective/civil action, and in this capacity it surpasses the somewhat narrow conceptions of ICT as a carrier of information. ... The challenge for this research is to provide concrete guidelines to shape design of ICT environments for collaborative learning: evidence suggests that targeted design will be more fruitful than the present practice transposing existing ICTs into the realm of education.
Approximate Word count = 2168
Approximate Pages = 8.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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