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Parkinson’s disease, also referred to as paralysis agitans, is a neurological disease affecting motor ability. This disease was named after Dr. ... " In this paper, he set forth the major symptoms of the disease that would later bear his name. For the next century and a half, scientists pursued the causes and treatment of the disease. Parkinson’s disease causes disturbances with a person’s psychological, physiological, and physical functioning (Menza, 1993). ...
Parkinson’s disease results from the degeneration of the substantia nigra, leading to a decrease in the amount of dopamine. ...
There are six major categories of Parkinson’s disease that are used to classify the disease according to the processes that affect the substantia nigra. ... Secondary parkinsonism results from damage to the substantia nigra from trauma or ischemia (decreased blood flow) but may be associated with rare disease, such as Wilson’s disease or Huntington’s chorea. Pseudoparkinsonism encompasses a wide variety of disorders that mimic or have similar characteristics of Parkinson’s disease (Ignatiavicius, et. ...
Parkinson’s disease is separated into stages according to the symptoms and degree of disability. Stage 1 is mild disease with unilateral limb involvement. ...
Although there are many theories regarding the cause of Parkinson’s disease, it still remains unknown. ... In some cases, Parkinson’s disease is related to trauma, infection, use of certain drugs, exposure to toxins, and atherosclerosis (Menza, 1993).
The chief symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are impaired movement, muscular rigidity, resting tremor, muscle weakness, and loss of postural reflexes. ... As the disease progresses, tremors begin, frequently in one hand and arm and later in the head. ... Other characteristics of the disease affect the face, stature, and gait. ...
Parkinsons disease is a condition that is well known for the wide variety of motor impairments that it causes. What is not particularly well known, but just as significant, are the psychological symptoms that accompany the disease. ... The origins of the psychological symptoms are much less understood than the motor symptoms, and the method of treatment is not as precise (Agid, 1991).
It is clear that the psychological effects that Parkinsons disease can have on a person are intertwined with the somatic effects. Just as the debilitating motor impairment caused by the disease can lead to negative thoughts and adverse psychological effects, so too can the adverse psychological effects of Parkinsons lead to an increase in the bodily symptoms. This can result in a
negative cycle that greatly reduces the quality of life for patients of this disease. ... This confidence and relaxation can bring about a reduction of motor symptoms, which results in further alleviation of the psychological effects of the disease (Black, 1991).
Depression, anxiety, and psychosis are the three main psychological symptoms, however, there are other cognitive problems. Some people with Parkinsons disease become fearful and insecure. ...
About 40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease will develop depression in the course of their illness. ... Depression in Parkinson’s disease is usually linked to a reduction in the brain catecholamines, serotonin, or dopamine.
Approximate Word count = 2487
Approximate Pages = 9.9
(250 words per page double spaced)
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