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Language disruption resulting from an injury to the brain is known as aphasia. There are a number of ways in which this damage can occur including: blows to the head, tumours, surgical removal of brain structures and lesions caused by foreign objects entering the brain or ruptured blood vessels. To understand the functional components of language, the features of abnormalities in aphasic syndromes have been extensively studied in order to provide insight into the localisation of language in the brain.
This discussion examines the findings of brain research with regard to four types of aphasic disorders: fluent, non-fluent, conduction and anomic. ... Wernicke suggested that damage to the temporal lobe in the left brain hemisphere results in speech that is fluent and syntactically sound, but meaningless in terms of content (Best, 1999). Wernicke concluded that this area is the location for language comprehension in the brain. ...
Recent evidence shows that the localisation of language in the brain is perhaps more complex than assumed by Wernicke. Willmes and Poeck (1993) argued that the findings regarding the localisation of brain lesions associated with certain aphasic symptoms are not clear, suggesting that researchers too frequently describe conflicting evidence as exceptional. Willmes and Poeck used computerised tomography (CT) to map lesions onto a global template of the brain and found that 90% of patients with fluent aphasia had lesions in the left temporal lobe. ...
Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have provided evidence that helps to distinguish the role of Wernicke’s area in language. ... This finding is consistent with Wernicke’s notion that left temporal lobe is important for language comprehension.
Non-fluent aphasia or Broca’s aphasia is characterised by a severe impairment of speech fluency without any effect on language comprehension. ... For example, asked about the weather a common response might be “Overcast”, if prompted for a sentence: “Weather… overcast”.
Approximate Word count = 1501
Approximate Pages = 6
(250 words per page double spaced)
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