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3. Backstage with M-commerce: “The technologies that make the difference” 3.1 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a packet-based wireless communication service. GPRS is based on Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication. However, it runs at speeds up to 171 kilobits per second, compared with current GSM systems' 9.6 Kbps. Thus the speed of wireless communication would jump from one-fifth that of wireline networks to three times the same value. It also promises continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users. Due to high bandwidth, it provides internet service over mobiles, including many applications such as browsing, chat, file transfer, etc. GPRS, which supports a wide range of bandwidths, is an efficient use of limited bandwidth and therefore facilitates quick transmission of large volumes of data. It is particularly suited for sending and receiving small bursts of data, such as e-mail and Web browsing. Hence, in theory, GPRS packet-based service should cost users less than circuit-switched services. The most important advantage of GPRS is, however, that it is "always on", thus enabling instant mobile access. This also creates a need for new billing techniques, as the old variable, per unit time of usage basis is no longer valid. Some of the newer billing systems proposed include flat monthly rates or more plausibly, a different variable rate for different services that are provided. In addition, GPRS also requires close collaboration with equipment manufacturers to develop mobile terminals which can effectively utilize the higher bandwidths made available. Sonim Technologies manufacture this technology. In India Escotel uses this technology in its applications. 3.2 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications is the de facto standard digital cellular phone service in Europe and Japan. It is also the standard used mostly by Indian telecom operators. GSM uses narrowband TDMA, which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. GSM was first introduced in 1991 and has become the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA) in Europe and Asia. GSM is used by over 50% of mobile users worldwide and is available in 120 countries. This, along with roaming arrangements between GSM network operators with foreign operators, can allow users to use their mobile phones when they travel to other countries Leading manufacturers including Alcatel, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Panasonic, Sagem, Siemens and Sony Ericsson. 3.3 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital cellular technique invented by Qualcomm. CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. A chip which uses small amounts of electricity. It is used typically on battery-powered computers and to save configuration information on other computers when they are turned off. Communications program A program that controls a modem, and has features that allow the user to do such things as upload, download, etc. It is similar to a terminal program but more sophisticated. An example is Trumpet WinSock for connecting to the Internet, and Windows HyperTerminal. The major producers of CDMA are these Korean companies Pantech, Appeal Telecom and Telson Electronics. This technology is used by LG and Samsung.
Approximate Word count = 2056
Approximate Pages = 8.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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