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I. Types of Political Analysis Case-Oriented Analyses provides detailed description while searching for significance beyond the specific case What is a case study? Types of case studies: 1) Representative 2) Prototypical expected to be typical 3) Deviant goes against existing theory 4) Crucial a test of theory Least favorable design least likely to hold up Most favorable design theory in conditions where it is most likely to hold up 5) Archetypical cases that defines those that follow after it Variable-Oriented Analyses establishes relationships between variables that are hypothesized to be causes and consequences. Types of variable-oriented analyses: 1) Experimental 2) Statistical 3) Focused comparisons Focused Comparison A) Most Similar Systems Design - taking cases with the most similar characteristics while differing in dependent variables - example: voter turnout in US/Britain - in the US, voter turnout is low while voter turnout in Britain is high - Dependent Variable= US/Britain, Independent Variable: literacy rates, university graduates - Registration rules are harder in the US, easier in Britain - Strengths of similar systems design method: can TEMPORARILY rule out potential explanations - Weaknesses: cannot isolate specific causes among differences, if differed in two different variables, we do not know what causes DV B) Most Different Systems Design - cases with similar ???? - example: Corruption in Italy and Malaysia - DV= Italy/ Malaysia-- Both are in the midrange in corruption - IV=Economic Development, Italy is AIC while Malaysia is NIC - Regime type: Italy is democracy, Malaysia is authoritarian - After finding the differences, you must find the similar differences that explains the DV - For example: A,B,C=Y - A,B,C=Y - Strengths: rules out potential explanations temporarily and develops new theories - Weaknesses: selection on the dependent variable (not good for ?????? Organizing Political and Economic Systems - State= political community formed by TERRITORIALLY- defined population subject to one government - Government= institutions responsible for making collective decisions, includes the Chief Executive and cabinet Main Characteristics of States 1. monopoly of legitimate use of force within territory 2. internal and external sovereignty - domestic: internal: single source of authority that creates laws within states - external: single source of authority that is recognized by the international comm. - Nations: people with a shared identity inhabiting a defined territory who seeks political self-determination - Nationalism- ideology that says nations have a right to self- rule - Nation- State: political community of territorially defined population with no shared national identity subject to one government Types of Political Systems Aristotle formed political systems Virtuous Degenerative one Monarchy tyranny few Aristocracy oligarchy many Polity democracy A. Authoritarianism - political systems in which populations does not have effective control over rulers- no representation - rulers are above laws, no limits on the government - types of authoritarianism - monarchy, dictatorship: force/one ruler, dominate party rule, rule by religious leaders, military rule Ways to Measure Degree of Democracy - invented by Robert Dall - index of minimum procedural conditions: 1. elected officials have constitutional control over decisions 2. periodical fair elections 3.
Approximate Word count = 2053
Approximate Pages = 8.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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