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... Forest degradation in Java started with the reckless exploitation (forest mining) of forests by the VOC (Verenigde de Oost-Indische Compagnie) in the 18th century. ... Since then forest managment was taken over by the Netherlandsche-Indie colonial government (the forest was managed by Djatibedrijf and Boschwezen using German ‘academic’ approach). ... The system and regulations—more or less—are still applied to this day, including the denial of people’s rights to access forest land. ... Forest Degradation on Java since 1950: This table represents forest cover inside and outside forest areas. (Forest area (kawasan hutan) is an area designated/gazetted as “forest” by the Forestry minister no matter what grows upon it. A forest area could be covered by grassland, critical land, on the other hand, non-forest area could be forested, e.g: private forest, community forest, etc. ...
Province
Forest
Cover 1950
(ha) Forest
Cover 1985
(ha) Forest
Cover 1997
(ha) Forest
Cover 2000
(ha) Forest
Loss 85-97
(ha) %
1985
1997 Forest
Loss 97-00
(ha) %
1997
2000 Forest
Loss 85-00
(ha) %
1950
2000
1 Banten N. ... 0
Source: Forest cover map 1997: GOI/World Bank, Land-cover map 2000: NFI/World Bank 2000, Forest-cover data 1997: UNEP/WCMC 2000, based on REPPPROT data. ... Forest on Java are in critical condition and faces constant degradation. Java has lost 3. ... The island of Java is 131,412 km2 but only 18,755 km2 (14%) is covered with forest. ... Forest Area on Java
Forest Area Unit I
Central Java Unit II
East Java Unit III
West Java and Banten Total
Management unit (KPH) of Perhutani 20 units 23 units 14 units 57 units
1. Production forest
a. ... Non-teak (mainly mahogany) 293,178 243,719 328,000 864,897 ha
Production forest total 604,825 839,497 521,259 1,965,581 ha
2. Protection forest 41,684 305,050 240,418 587,152 ha
Total Perhutani Area 646,509 1,144,547 761,677 2,552,733 ha
3. Conservation forest Managed by Ministry of Forestry
National park, reserves, etc 442,198 ha
Total Forest Area 2,994,931 ha
Source: Perum Perhutani Sepintas Kilas (Perhutani at A Glance), Jakarta, Juli-1993
6. Note on demography: In 1999 , the population of Java was 116,324,536 and the population density was 887 ppls/km2. There were 6,324 villages—with + 20 million forest dependent population—living on Perhutani’s forest areas. ... Perhutani’s forest management does not integrate economic/social/cultural/political condition around it. Perhutani’s forest area, perhutani’s policy, and management system is a separate world from other places on Java. ... Tenurial problem: Perhutani manages a very vast area in the most populated island in Java, where most of the population are farmers. Perhutani—the state, actually—deny farmer’s (including forest farmer’s) right to own/manage sufficient productive land. ... The solution offered is Forest-Land Reform, but the state is reluctant to distribute its power and economic profit of managing/regulating forest/land on Java.
Approximate Word count = 2427
Approximate Pages = 9.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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