Compare and contrast the fall of the Second Empire in 1889 and the fall of the
... The first and most obvious difference between the fall of the Second Empire and the fall of the First Republic is that the former released Brazil from not only a monarchy, but a Portuguese monarchy, a foreign authority in Brazil. On the other hand, the fall of the First Republic was due to discrepancies amongst different political and social groups who were originally from Brazil. ... The fall of the Second Empire for example, closely followed the Abolition of Slavery, which had come about in 1888. Apart from the huge numbers of former slaves that consequently flocked to the cities to find paid positions in factories and the like, Abolition was another factor leading to the eventual overthrow of the Second Empire. ... In fact, the majority of the coffee planters in Brazil were becoming disillusioned by the Second Empire. ... Many of these coffee oligarchies from São Paulo, joined the Paulista Republican Party (PRP), which called for an end to the Second Empire, coupled with an end to centralization. ... At the time of the ousting of the Second Empire, the Catholic Church was still a central institution in Brazilian society, and it is said to have been one of the contributing causes leading to the end of Second Republic. ... The end of the Second Empire saw an end to the Catholic Church’s involvement in Brazilian society, so that the roles previously performed by the church were taken over by the state. By contrast, the Catholic Church did not play an important role in the end of the First Republic because it was no longer part of Brazilian politics. ... At the time of the end of the Second Empire, elements within the Brazilian army had become interested in the idea of Positivism. ... On the 15th of November 1889, Deodoro marched with his troops to the Ministry of War and told the President to step down, and declared a Republic.