Parkinsons disease drug and surgical treatments
Parkinson’s Disease: drug and surgical treatments Research Methods Lindsey Calvert Aarsland, D. ... Donepezil for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled study. ... Entacapone is beneficial in bother fluctuating and non-fluctuating patients with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind, six month study. ... Paroxetine in Parkinson’s disease: Effects on motor and depressive symptoms. ... Unilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, single-blind, multicentre trial. ... (2002) Morbidity and mortality following pallidotomy in Parkinson’s disease. ... Efficacy and safety of Levodopa with entacapone in Parkinson’s disease patients suboptimally Controlled with levodopa alone, in daily clinical practice: an international Multicentre, open-label study. ... , & Task Force on Surgery for Parkinson’s disease. ... Evaluation for surgery for Parkinson’s disease. ... Efects of Central dopaminergic stimulation by apomorphine of speech in Parkinson’s disease. ... Intravenous apomorphine therapy in Parkinson’s disease: clinical and pharmacokinetic observations. ... A double blind Placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin B for sialorrhea in Parkinson’s disease. ... Subcutaneous apomorphine in late stage Parkinson’s disease: a long term follow up. ... Late-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not so easily treated as the early stage of the disease due to the increased and pronounced motor fluctuations. It has been found that apomorphine is effective in helping reduce these motor fluctuations, but it is still controversial as to the most effective way to administer the drug. This article strives to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness, dose requirements, and side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine injections and continuous infusions during long-term treatment of Parkinson’s disease. ... Pramiprexole in patients with Parkinson’s disease and marked drug resistant tremor: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multi-center study. ... This article attempts to compare the tremor ratings of Pramiprexole (a dopamine agonist) to a placebo when used as an add-on medication for Parkinson’s disease. Tremor is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. ... It was determined that participants with advanced stage Parkinson’s disease and a higher overall tremor score had the greatest benefit, but there was a therapeutic effect for all participants. ... It is a safe and effective therapeutic option for early and advanced Parkinson’s disease patients was insufficient control of tremor. ... The use of alternative therapies by patients with Parkinson’s disease. ... Effects of levodopa on upper limb mobility, and gait in Parkinson’s disease. ... Literature Review Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive nervous system disorder that affects muscle control. ... The following strives to provide an overview of several drug therapies and surgical procedures widely used in the treatment of PD. ... This drug can be used as an adjunct to levodopa in PD patients with a “wearing off” phenomenon to levodopa. ... It was concluded that ropinirole has a strong anti-parkinsonian effect with less dyskinesia (abnormality in voluntary muscle movements) than other treatments and a small possibility of adverse side effects. ... A very mild subjective improvement was noted, as was a fairly high toleration of the drug. ... Apomorphine has been used as a “rescue” drug to restore mobility or prevent a period of disability. ... One such drug is pramiprexole. ... For many patients, drug therapies are ineffective. When this occurs, there are multiple surgical options that can be explored. ... De Bie, de Haan, Schurman, Esselink, Bosch, & Speelman (2001) studied the frequency of morbidity and mortality associated with pallidotomy (the surgical destruction of the globus pallidus). ... Patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), finger-tapping tests, and stand-walk-sit tests. ... Hallett , Litvan, & the Task Force on Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease (1998) reviewed the role, safety, and indications in the surgical treatment of PD. ... It was concluded that all surgical procedures should continue to be under intense review, but the adverse effects were outweighed by the improvements provided by the therapies. ... Schuurman, Bruins, Merkus, Bosch, & Speelman (2002) ran a comparison of thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation in patients with ever drug-resistant tremor due to PD, essential tremor (ET), or multiple sclerosis (MS). ... Target coordinates for the surgical procedure were determined via cranial computerized tomography (CT) and stereostatic techniques. ... There is, indisputably, an abundance of various treatments available and there are many more being researched.