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Most Viking ships are based on literary references, mainly from sagas. The Viking ship design had many different forms and sizes to meet local circumstances and particular requirements. ... Ships of all sorts in the Viking tradition of double-ended, clinker-built vessels were measured by ‘rooms’ or thwarts. ... Throughout the Viking age, twenty rooms were common on long ships. ... The past twelfth century saw a remarkable change in the mercantile shipping of northern Europe with the development of large sailing vessels. The difference between the hulc and the other sailing ships is that the hulc is larger than the more local coastal vessels as it would have had to have been to cross the Channel (286-296). ... Many ancient ships of widely different shipbuilding traditions, Roman vessels of the classical period, for instance, carried a weathervane or pennant on their masts and used a side rudder in the same positions as the Nordic ship’s (Le Bon, 394-396). ... Without the Viking sailor-ship there could have been no Nordic expansion in this period. ... Viking warships were propelled by oars and sail, which could have been used independently or together (Clowes, 216-225).
Approximate Word count = 895
Approximate Pages = 3.6
(250 words per page double spaced)
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