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Discuss the factors that determine cardiac output
Cardiac output measures the volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart each minute. Mathematically the cardiac output can be shown by the following equation:
cardia output = heart rate x stroke volume
The heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in each minute and stroke volume, the volume of blood ejected from the heart on each ventricular contraction. It is the factors that determine these two that will ascertain the cardiac output. ... This ensures the correct balance between the output and input of the ventricles. ... For example, noradrenline which is released from postganglionic sympathetic fibres binds to cardiac â1 adrenoreceptors. ...
The cardiac output is also influenced by the heart rate. ... The release of these hormones results in an increase in the heart rate and hence and increase in the cardiac output.
There are a number of factors other than nervous and hormonal factors which affect the heart rate. ...
In conclusion, the cardiac output depends on both the stroke volume and the heart rate and it is the combination of these two factors that will determine the overall cardiac output.
Approximate Word count = 997
Approximate Pages = 4
(250 words per page double spaced)
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